Climate change is having a profound impact on chimpanzee conservation in Rwenzori and Bunyoro, affecting their habitats, diets, social structures, and overall range.
This is currently being realized as the Cross-Cultural Foundation of Uganda (CCFU) implements its #CultureForChimps project which aims to strengthen existing cultural and community resources to support the respect and value, and conservation of chimpanzees and their habitats, ensuring sustainable development for host communities, in the Bunyoro and Rwenzori regions of Uganda. The project is supported by the Arcus Foundation.
The effects of climate change are multifaceted, with rising temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and increased frequency of extreme weather events. The Uganda Wildlife Policy 2014, currently under review, does not explicitly discuss climate change, highlighting the need for increased awareness and action.
The Foundation has also been involved in the restoration of critical chimpanzee habitats, working with private forest owners in Bunyoro, to restore watershed areas using indigenous trees that are more resistant to climate change. CCFU has also supported documentation of traditional systems for chimpanzee conservation, worked with clans, facilitated livelihoods projects, conducted intergenerational dialogues, implemented media and other conservation awareness activities and chimpanzee monitoring in the Katebwa Sector of Rwenzori Mountains National Park,
However, challenges persist, including the low survival rate of tree seedlings and uncoordinated efforts among conservationists. The case of Bugoma Forest and the surrounding private forests, which harbors over 500 chimpanzees, highlights the need for urgent action to protect these beleaguered populations.
Opportunities for climate-resilient Conservation
A study on the impact of climate change on chimpanzee behavior and adaptability could inform conservation actions and support the development of effective strategies. Operationalizing the National Chimpanzee Conservation Strategy’s component on climate change could also provide a framework for climate action. Additionally, supporting climate-smart agriculture, particularly in human-chimpanzee conflict areas, could help support livelihoods and reduce pressure on chimpanzee habitats. A multi-sectoral approach to climate action, involving cultural leaders, district, and national leaders, could also facilitate coordination and effective conservation efforts. A robust indigenous tree planting campaign in deforested areas, combined with advocacy for forest restoration, could help mitigate the effects of climate change and support the long-term conservation of chimpanzees in Rwenzori and Bunyoro.
